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A photovoltaic power station, also known as a solar park, is a large-scale photovoltaic system (PV system) designed for the supply of merchant power into the electricity grid. They are differentiated from most building-mounted and other decentralised solar power applications because they supply power at the utility level, rather than to a local user or users. They are sometimes also referred to as solar farms or solar ranches, especially when sited in agricultural areas. The generic expression utility-scale solar is sometimes used to describe this type of project. The solar power source is via photovoltaic modules that convert light directly to electricity. However, this differs from, and should not be confused with concentrated solar power, the other large-scale solar generation technology, which uses heat to drive a variety of conventional generator systems. Both approaches have their own advantages and disadvantages, but to date, for a variety of reasons, photovoltaic technology has seen much wider use in the field. , PV systems outnumber concentrators by about 40 to 1. In most countries, the nameplate capacity of a photovoltaic power stations is rated in megawatt-peak (MWp) and refers to the solar array's DC power output. However, Canada, Japan, Spain and some parts of the United States are using a converted, and therefore lower nominal power output rated in MWAC. A third and less common rating is the mega volt-amperes (MVA). Most solar parks are developed at a scale of at least 1 MWp. As of 2015, the world's largest operating photovoltaic power stations have capacities of close to 600 megawatts and projects up to 1 gigawatt are planned. About 1,600 projects with a combined capacity of 22,500 MWAC were solar farms larger than 4 MW as of March 2014.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Wiki-Solar Database, Latest global totals )〕 Most of the existing large-scale photovoltaic power stations are owned and operated by independent power producers, but the involvement of community- and utility-owned projects is increasing. To date, almost all have been supported at least in part by regulatory incentives such as feed-in tariffs or tax credits, but as levelized costs have fallen significantly in the last decade and grid parity has been reached in an increasing number of markets, it may not be long before external incentives cease to exist. == History == The first 1 MWp solar park was built by Arco Solar at Lugo near Hesperia, California at the end of 1982, followed in 1984 by a 5.2 MWp installation in Carrizo Plain. Both have since been decommissioned, though Carrizo Plain is the site for several large plants now being constructed or planned. The next stage followed the 2004 revisions to the feed-in tariffs in Germany〔 when a substantial volume of solar parks were constructed.〔 Retrieved 13 April 2013〕 Several hundred installations over 1 MWp have been since been installed in Germany, of which more than 50 are over 10 MWp.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.wiki-solar.org/map/country/index.html?Germany?u-uN-DE )〕 With its introduction of feed-in tariffs in 2008, Spain became briefly the largest market, with some 60 solar parks over 10 MW,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.wiki-solar.org/map/country/index.html?Spain?u-uW-ES )〕 but these incentives have since been withdrawn.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2012/02/pictures/120228-spain-solar-e ) Retrieved 5 March 2015〕 The USA,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.wiki-solar.org/map/country/index.html?United_States?n-nN-US )〕 China〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.wiki-solar.org/map/country/index.html?China?a-aN-CN?4?36?104 )〕 India,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.wiki-solar.org/map/country/index.html?India?a-aI-IN )〕 France,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.wiki-solar.org/map/country/index.html?France?u-uW-FR )〕 Canada,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.wiki-solar.org/map/country/index.html?Canada?n-nN-CA )〕 and Italy,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.wiki-solar.org/map/country/index.html?Italy?u-uW-IT )〕 amongst others, have also become major markets as shown on the list of photovoltaic power stations. The largest sites under construction have capacities of hundreds of MWp and projects at a scale of 1 GWp are being planned.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.mxgroup.it/public/userfiles/serbia_uk.pdf )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「photovoltaic power station」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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